Dentists (credentialed as Doctor of Dental Surgery or DDS or Doctor of Dental Medicine or DMD) examine, diagnose and treat diseases, injuries and malformations of the teeth, gums and related structures in the head and neck. They teach patients proper oral health practices and perform a wide range of procedures to repair damaged teeth, replace missing ones, treat gum disease and otherwise promote good overall health. Most dentist work with a support team including dental assistants, dental hygienists and dental laboratory technicians.
Dentists use the latest technology and equipment to analyze the health of the mouth, jaws and associated structures and identify potential problems that might affect other parts of the body. They also provide preventive care by conducting exams and cleanings to help keep teeth healthy, as well as advising on diet and smoking cessation.
Some dentists specialize in specific areas of dentistry. Pediatric dentists treat children from birth through adolescence; periodontists focus on the gums and bones that support the teeth; and prosthodontists design and fit dental replacements like bridges, crowns and implants. Others concentrate on dental research and teaching or participate in organized community dental health programs.
Approximately 10% of all practicing dentists are general practitioners who perform most types of dental treatments. These include restorative treatments such as fillings, crowns and bridges, root canals and dental implants; oral surgery; and diagnostic tests such as examinations, x-rays and fluoroscopy. General dentists often work regular 40-hour weeks.
Most dentists work in private practice and have their own offices. Others are part of dental or medical groups or work for the government in public health agencies. In addition, some dentists are involved in research or teaching and have careers in universities.
Becoming a dentist requires a bachelor’s degree and acceptance into a dental school program. The four-year postgraduate course is similar to a medical program and results in the dentist’s license to practice in a specific state.
Pre-dental students should consider taking a broad array of science courses including biology, chemistry and physics. They should also talk with a health professions advisor and join pre-dental clubs to get firsthand insight into the field. If possible, they should shadow dentists to see what a day in the life of a dentist is all about. After completing their education, most dentists are required to take a board exam. Those who wish to advance their career with a clinical specialty need to complete additional training or residencies. Specialized dentists are often able to charge more for their services. This is due to the extra training and specialized tools required for these advanced treatments.